Germany’s economy is increasingly likely to slip into recession with inflation rising above 10% this autumn, according to the country’s Bundesbank. The euro zone’s largest economy is highly reliant on Russian gas supplies, which will again be choked off in a three-day closure of the Nord Stream 1 pipeline next week. Dutch TTF prices, a key benchmark for Europe’s wholesale gas price, jumped by 20% to above €290 per MWh.

1.recession

a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed 经济衰退；

◆ the impact of the current recession on manufacturing 经济萎缩对制造业的影响

◆ The economy is indeep recession. 经济正处于严重衰退之中。

◆ policies to pull the country out of recession 引导国家摆脱经济萎缩的政策

2.Bundesbankthe central bank of Germany, established in 1875. Its headquarters are in Frankfurt建于1875年的德国联邦银行，总部设在法兰克福)

3.choke sth off

to prevent or limit sth 停止；停止；限制；◆ High prices have choked off demand. 高价限制了需求。

4.bench·mark

VERB benchmark sth (against sth) to judge the quality of sth in relation to that of other similar things 以(某事)为基准评价(某事)

◆ Projects are assessed and benchmarked against the targets. 以这些目标作为评估和测试项目的标准。

5.whole·sale

ADJECTIVE [only before noun ]

1connected with goods that are bought and sold in large quantities, especially so they can be sold again to make a profit 批发；批发

2(especially of sth bad 尤其是负面的东西 ) happening or done to a very large number of people or things 大规模的

◆ the wholesale slaughter of innocent people 对无辜人民的大屠杀

▶ whole·sale ADVERB

◆We buy the building materials wholesale. 我们批量购买建筑材料。

◆ These young people die wholesale from heroin overdoses. 这些年轻人死于太多的海洛因